What are Probiotics?

Probiotics are live microorganisms, typically bacteria, that are similar to the beneficial bacteria found in the human gut. These microorganisms are believed to have a positive impact on human health by improving the balance of gut bacteria and promoting digestive and immune function. They are primarily bacteria, but certain yeasts can also function as probiotics. They can balance the gut microbiome and have various health benefits.

How do they work?

The mechanisms by which probiotics work for medicinal purposes are not fully understood, but it is believed that they exert their effects by increasing the numbers of beneficial bacteria in the gut and improving the balance of gut bacteria. This can improve digestive function, boost the immune system, and reduce inflammation.

Probiotics work via:

• Intestinal Balance: They help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria by competing with harmful bacteria for nutrients and attachment sites on the intestinal wall.
• Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs): They metabolize dietary fibers to produce SCFAs which nourish colon cells and maintain gut barrier function.
• Immune System Modulation: They enhance the body's immune response by promoting the production of specific antibodies and stimulating immune cells like macrophages and T lymphocytes.
• Production of Bioactive Compounds: Some probiotics produce bioactive compounds like bacteriocins that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.

Also by:

1. Maintaining a Balanced Gut Microbiome: Probiotics can help balance the friendly bacteria in your digestive system.
2. Preventing and Treating Diarrhea: Probiotics are widely recognized for their ability to prevent or reduce the severity of diarrhea.
3. Improving Mental Health Conditions: Gut health and mental health are deeply connected, and probiotics have shown promise in improving some mental health disorders.
4. Keeping the Heart Healthy: Certain probiotics can help lower LDL cholesterol, reduce blood pressure, and decrease inflammation.
5. Reducing the Severity of Allergies and Eczema: Probiotics have been shown to reduce the severity of allergies and eczema in children and infants.
6. Reducing Symptoms of Digestive Disorders: They can help reduce the symptoms of bowel disorders like ulcerative colitis, IBS, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
7. Boosting the Immune System: Probiotics can enhance the production of natural antibodies and boost immune cells.
8. Losing Weight and Belly Fat: Some probiotics can help with weight loss through various mechanisms.

Active Ingredients for Medicinal Properties

The active ingredients in probiotics are the live microorganisms themselves, primarily from the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium general. Different strains of probiotics may have different effects and it is important to choose the right strain for specific health benefits.

What forms does it come in?

Probiotics are available in supplements and fermented foods and drinks, such as yogurt and kefir. Common forms include capsules, tablets, powders, and liquid

What if there’s an imbalance or deficiency?.

An imbalance in the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can lead to:

• Digestive issues like bloating, constipation, and diarrhea.
• Increased susceptibility to infections.
• Weakened immune response.
• Increased risk of chronic diseases like IBD, IBS, and even metabolic disorders.

When was it first used for medicinal purposes?

Historically, fermented foods containing probiotics have been consumed for thousands of years across various cultures. The medicinal properties were recognized in the early 20th century by Elie Metchnikoff, who proposed that consuming beneficial bacteria could improve health.

Summary:

Probiotics are live microorganisms that can have a positive impact on human health by improving the balance of gut bacteria and promoting digestive and immune function. Probiotics are available in various forms and can be found in fermented foods, as well as in supplement form. Probiotics have been shown to help with conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and infectious diarrhea, as well as prevent conditions such as allergies and heart disease. Probiotics are generally well-tolerated, with few reported side effects, and the recommended daily dose varies depending on the specific strain and health condition being treated. It is best to take probiotics with food, and the amount of time it takes to see results can vary depending on the individual and the specific health condition being treated.

What can it help with?

Probiotics have been shown to help with the following conditions and symptoms:

• Diarrhea (especially antibiotic-associated)
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) including Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
• Allergic Reactions: Reduction in atopic dermatitis in children
• Oral Health: Reduction in dental caries and periodontal disease
• Urinary and Vaginal Health: Prevention of urinary tract infections and vaginal yeast infections.
• Recurrent vaginal infections
• Respiratory Infections: Reduces the incidence in children
• Eczema in children
• Liver Health: Helps reduce the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
• Mental Health: Emerging evidence suggests it might have a role in mood regulation and reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms.
• Heart Health: Some strains help in reducing LDL cholesterol levels.
• Obesity: Potential role in weight management
• Immune System Boosting: Enhancing body's resistance to infections
• H. pylori infections
• Upper respiratory infections (common cold)
• Allergic rhinitis
• Cardiovascular disease risk factors
• Allergic diseases, such as hay fever and asthma
• Cold and flu symptoms
• Alcohol effects
• Eye health
• Coughing

Which probiotic strains are shown to be more effective for each condition ranked as shown in clinical studies?

• Diarrhea: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Saccharomyces boulardii
• IBS: Bifidobacterium infantis 35624, Lactobacillus plantarum 299V
• IBD: Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, VSL#3 (a mixture of strains)
• Atopic dermatitis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
• Dental caries: Lactobacillus reuteri
• UTIs: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14

What can it help prevent?

Probiotics have also been shown to help prevent the following conditions and symptoms:

1. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea: By maintaining a balanced gut microbiota.
2. Traveler’s diarrhea: By bolstering the gut's natural defenses.
3. Vaginal yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis: By maintaining a balanced vaginal microbiota.
4. Respiratory infections in children: By enhancing immune function.
5. Dental caries: By balancing oral microbiota.
6. Certain allergic reactions: Reduces risk of atopic dermatitis in children.
7. Urinary tract infections: By preventing the colonization of harmful bacteria.
8. Post-operative infections: By enhancing immune function.
9. Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants: By maintaining a balanced gut microbiota.
10. Pouchitis in people who have had surgery for ulcerative colitis: By maintaining a balanced gut microbiota.
11. Clostridium difficile infection
12. Allergic diseases, such as hay fever and asthma
13. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
14. Eczema in children
15. Cardiovascular disease risk factors
16. Mental health, including depression and anxiety
17. Cold and flu symptoms
18. Obesity
19. Cancer

Which foods are rich in it?

Foods that are rich in probiotics include fermented foods such as:

1. Yogurt
2. Kefir
3. Sauerkraut
4. Kimchi
5. Tempeh
6. Miso
7. Pickles
8. Buttermilk
9. Kombucha
10. Cheese (especially soft cheeses like gouda and brie)
11. Pickles (fermented in brine)
12. Lassi (Indian fermented milk)
13. Natto (fermented soybeans)

What are possible side effects?

• Common (over 10%):Gas
• Bloating
• Uncommon (1-10%):Diarrhea
• Stomach cramps
• Allergic reactions
• Rare (<1%):Infections
• Excessive immune system activation in immunocompromised individuals.

What’s the recommended daily dose?

The recommended dose varies based on the specific strain and the condition being treated. Generally, probiotics are dosed by colony-forming units (CFUs), with daily doses ranging from 1 billion to 100 billion CFUs.

How many days does it take to work?

The amount of time it takes for probiotics to work can vary depending on the individual and the specific health condition being treated. Some people may experience benefits within a few days, while others may take several weeks to see results.

What time of day is best to take it?

The best time to take probiotics is a matter of personal preference and can vary depending on individual needs and the specific probiotic strain. However, many experts suggest taking them on an empty stomach, either first thing in the morning or right before bed.

Is it best to take it with or without food?

While some studies suggest taking it on an empty stomach, others indicate that it’s better taken with food. The food might act as a buffer to stomach acid, allowing more probiotics to reach the intestines alive. It's best to follow the recommendations of the specific product or a healthcare provider.