What is Borage (Persian Gul Gav Zaban)?

Borage (Borago officinalis) is a bright-blue flowering herb with deep roots in Persian and Mediterranean healing traditions. In Persian medicine, the flower — called Gul Gav Zaban, meaning 'ox-tongue flower' — has been used for over a thousand years as a mood elevator, heart tonic, and nerve soother. Both the flower tea and the cold-pressed seed oil are used, each with distinct benefits and safety profiles.

How does Borage (Persian Gul Gav Zaban) work?

The flower and aerial parts are rich in flavonoids and rosmarinic acid, which help calm the nervous system and reduce inflammatory signaling throughout the body. Borage seed oil is one of the richest plant sources of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a fatty acid the body uses to produce anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and support healthy skin barrier function. Together, these actions explain its traditional roles in calming the mind, easing skin flares, and supporting the body during stress.

What forms does Borage (Persian Gul Gav Zaban) come in?

In Persian tradition, dried borage flowers are brewed as a gentle tea (infusion) and often blended with other calming herbs. For GLA supplementation, cold-pressed borage seed oil capsules are the most researched and widely available form. Topical borage oil is used directly on inflamed or dry skin. Tinctures and standardized extracts are available but less traditional.

Where it comes from:

Borage has been celebrated in Persian medicine (Unani-Tibb tradition) as a 'heart-gladdening' herb — one of four classic flowers (along with violet, rose, and linden) used to lift mood and treat melancholy. Medieval Persian physicians including Ibn Sina (Avicenna) referenced it in Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb for its warming, mood-brightening, and heart-supporting properties. In Europe, it was similarly used as a courage and comfort herb, famously associated with the motto 'I, Borage, bring courage.'

What does Borage (Persian Gul Gav Zaban) help with?

• Anxiety and nervous tension: Borage flower has a long tradition in Persian medicine as a calming nervine — used to quiet a racing mind and ease worry. Its flavonoids and rosmarinic acid are thought to gently modulate the nervous system, and some modern research supports reduced anxiety scores with standardized flower extract use.
• Low mood and mild depression: Known in Persian tradition as a 'heart-gladdening' herb, borage flower tea has been used for centuries to lift emotional heaviness and brighten outlook. Clinical studies using the related species Echium amoenum (the primary Persian Gul Gav Zaban) have shown meaningful reductions in depression scores compared to placebo.
• Eczema and dry skin conditions: Borage seed oil is one of the richest plant sources of GLA, a fatty acid that helps repair the skin's protective barrier and reduce inflammatory flares. Several studies show it reduces redness, itching, and dryness in eczema — both when applied topically and taken as a supplement.
• Rheumatoid arthritis and joint inflammation: The GLA in borage seed oil converts to anti-inflammatory compounds in the body that help reduce joint swelling and tenderness. Multiple controlled trials have found that borage oil supplementation meaningfully reduces arthritis symptoms, sometimes allowing patients to lower their use of conventional pain medications.
• Adrenal fatigue and stress recovery: Borage has historically been used to support the body during prolonged stress and exhaustion. Some research suggests GLA may help buffer the adrenal stress response, reducing excess cortisol output during times of chronic strain.
• Respiratory issues and dry cough: Borage flower tea has been used in Persian and Mediterranean traditions to soothe irritated airways and ease dry, persistent coughs. Its mucilage content coats and calms inflamed mucous membranes, providing gentle symptomatic relief.
• Hormonal skin changes (PMS-related): GLA from borage oil plays a role in prostaglandin balance, which helps ease PMS-related breast tenderness, skin flares, and bloating. Women who supplement with GLA-rich oils often report smoother hormonal transitions across the cycle.
• General inflammation: Borage seed oil's GLA content offers broad anti-inflammatory support by helping shift the body's prostaglandin balance toward less inflammatory pathways. This makes it useful as a daily support supplement for people managing chronic low-grade inflammation.
• Menopausal symptoms: Some evidence and traditional use support borage oil's role in reducing hot flashes and skin dryness during menopause, likely through its effect on fatty acid balance and estrogen-adjacent pathways.
• Heart health support: GLA may support healthy blood pressure and lipid balance, and borage flower has traditionally been used as a heart tonic. The anti-inflammatory action of GLA also addresses one of the underlying drivers of cardiovascular risk.

What can Borage (Persian Gul Gav Zaban) help prevent?

• Worsening of atopic eczema in adults (GLA supplementation has shown evidence of reducing flare frequency)
• Progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (GLA shown to reduce inflammatory mediators linked to cartilage damage)

Which foods are rich in Borage (Persian Gul Gav Zaban)?

1. Hemp seeds: One of the best whole-food sources of GLA and a favorable omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, supporting the same anti-inflammatory pathways as borage oil.
2. Pumpkin seeds: Rich in zinc and healthy fatty acids that support skin health and reduce inflammation — complementary to borage's benefits.
3. Walnuts: Provide ALA and polyphenols that support anti-inflammatory prostaglandin balance and cardiovascular health.
4. Flaxseeds: High in ALA omega-3, which works synergistically with GLA to balance inflammatory signaling and support skin moisture.
5. Saffron: A traditional Persian companion herb to borage — saffron's crocin compounds independently support mood and have additive calming effects in Persian medicine practice.

Practical Tips:

Borage is not meaningfully present in everyday foods in concentrated form, though the flowers are edible and occasionally used as a culinary garnish. For those seeking GLA — the key active compound in borage — the closest dietary sources are evening primrose oil and hemp seeds. To support the same anti-inflammatory and skin-barrier pathways, focus on omega-6 rich whole foods like hemp seeds, pumpkin seeds, and walnuts alongside anti-inflammatory omega-3 sources like flaxseed and fatty fish to maintain healthy fatty acid balance. Avoid excessive refined vegetable oils (corn, sunflower, soybean), which can crowd out GLA pathways and worsen inflammatory signaling.

What are the side effects of Borage (Persian Gul Gav Zaban)?

• Mild digestive upset, bloating, or loose stools (especially with higher GLA doses)
• Soft stools or diarrhea at doses above 3g GLA per day
• Headache (occasional, mild, usually resolves)
• Potential liver stress with non-PA-free leaf preparations (avoid crude whole plant products for extended internal use)
• Possible increased bleeding time (relevant before surgery or with blood thinners)
• Skin rash in rare cases with topical oil (patch test recommended for sensitive skin)
• Not recommended during pregnancy: may have uterine-stimulating effects

Good to know:

Borage seed oil is generally safe for most adults in standard doses for up to 24 weeks. The main concern is with crude borage leaf or seed preparations containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can damage the liver with long-term or high-dose use. Always choose certified PA-free products for internal supplementation.

How much Borage (Persian Gul Gav Zaban) should you take?

• Recommended daily: Borage seed oil (GLA source): 1,000–3,000 mg/day (standardized to provide 200–720 mg GLA). Traditional flower tea (Gul Gav Zaban): 1–2 g dried flowers steeped in hot water, 1–2 times daily. Standardized flower extract (Echium amoenum): doses used in clinical studies range from 375–500 mg/day of extract.
• Best time of day: Seed oil capsules: take with meals (morning or evening). Flower tea: traditionally taken in the evening or afternoon for its calming, mood-lifting effects.
• With or without food: Always take borage seed oil with food — GLA is a fat and absorbs significantly better with a meal containing some dietary fat. Flower tea can be taken any time.
• Time to effect: Mood and anxiety support: 2–4 weeks for noticeable effect. Skin and inflammation benefits: 4–8 weeks of consistent supplementation.
• How long to take it: Borage seed oil has been studied safely for up to 24 weeks. For ongoing use beyond 6 months, consider cycling (8 weeks on, 2–4 weeks off) and ensure you are using a certified PA-free product. The flower tea is traditionally used seasonally or in shorter therapeutic courses.